Evidence of how early humans lived during 13,000 BCE, includes advancements in communication, agriculture, materials, as well as anthropology. This progress is viewed from the analysis of excavation sites located in the Ukraine, which are referred to Mezhirich. The first domesticated dog and massive huts can be traced back to this time period.
Social hierarchy is pieced together from evidence gathered from this time period. This is deduced from storage pits, which belonged to various family units. The suggestion that some families possessed more than others is concluded from studying a Ukrainian site that was found close to areas filled with an ample amount of mammoth bones.
Speaking of mammoth bones, a look at the construction methods and ideas of this time involve the bones of mammoths, which were more abundant that the trees that other humans used for shelter. This was typical of surroundings during the Ice Age.Huts were created from these bones, where designated bones served specific purposes in house building. It took hundreds of bones to create the frame of the home. The weight of the bones was quite substantial, sometimes weighing an average of 20 tons. After building the hut, the bones were then covered with the skins of animals. During a 1992 excavation, a hut was uncovered that showcased an entrance that was placed underground. This preceded any other known underground entrance by about 3000-5000 years.
During this time, the first-known artifact depicting a map exists. It was found on a bone that was also uncovered in the Ukraine. So, was did the map show directions to the nearest tribe or how to get across the closest body of water? The first map simply highlighted the region closest to where the map was uncovered.
It is also during this time that the well-known red and black paintings found on the ceiling of caves are dated. The paintings show bison in stranding and lying positions. Once radiocarbon dating was conducted, the charcoal that was used to create the paintings was estimated to originate from between 16,450 to 12,450 years. Figurines uncovered in sites dating back to this time show individuals dressed in a variety of interesting clothing. Some of the article of clothing depicted included aprons, skirts, parkas, as well as headdresses.
Evidence of domesticated cats was traced back to the days of 18,000 BCE, but what about man’s best friend? When analyzing DNA evidence, the domestication of the dog can be traced back to this time period. These dogs came from wolves that roamed the early regions of East Asia. This evidence sheds light on theories regarding where and when the first domesticated dogs made their mark on the New World. To take care of excess amounts of food, there were no refrigerators during this time. So, what did early humans do to solve the problem of keeping this food fresh? Evidence of pits dug deep in the ice was uncovered, which is believed to been used as the first attempts at cold storage.
